Identifying the Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms among Nurses in China by Machine Learning: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Nurses' high workload can result in depressive symptoms. However, the research has underexplored the internal and external variables, such as organisational support, career identity, and burnout, which may predict depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses via machine learning (ML). Aim. To predict nurses' depressive symptoms and identify the relevant factors by machine learning (ML) algorithms. Methods. A self-administered smartphone questionnaire was delivered to nurses to evaluate their depressive symptoms;1,431 questionnaires and 28 internal and external features were collected. In the training set, the use of maximum relevance minimum redundancy ranked the features' importance. Five ML algorithms were used to establish models to identify nurses' depressive symptoms using different feature subsets, and the area under the curve (AUC) determined the optimal feature subset. Demographic characteristics were added to the optimal feature subset to establish the combined models. Each model's performance was evaluated using the test set. Results. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms among Chinese nurses was 31.86%. The optimal feature subset comprised of sleep disturbance, chronic fatigue, physical fatigue, exhaustion, and perceived organisation support. The five models based on the optimal feature subset had good prediction performance on the test set (AUC: 0.871–0.895 and accuracy: 0.798–0.815). After adding the significant demographic characteristics, the performance of the five combined models slightly improved;the AUC and accuracy increased to 0.904 and 0.826 on the test set, respectively. The logistic regression analysis results showed the best and most stable performance while the univariate analysis results showed that external and internal personal features (AUC: 0.739–0.841) were more effective than demographic characteristics (AUC: 0.572–0.588) for predicting nurses' depressive symptoms. Conclusions. ML could effectively predict nurses' depressive symptoms. Interventions to manage physical fatigue, sleep disorders, burnout, and organisational support may prevent depressive symptoms.

Prevalence of Internet addiction and the effect of Internet usage on lifestyle of college students of Haryana during COVID 19 lockdown period

Introduction: Since 1990, Internet usage is increasing day by day and availability of smart mobile phones and electronic gazettes like tablet, laptop etc. has given it an exponential rise. During COVID-19 lockdown period, Internet usage pattern has changed a lot as per behaviour of students studying in schools, colleges, educational and coaching institutes etc. Background: To study the prevalence of Internet addiction and the effect of Internet usage on lifestyle of college students of Haryana. Method: Total 1035 students, of various educational streams in various colleges of Haryana state were included in the study and data was collected by pre-tested self-designed questionnaire and young's Internet addiction test questionnaire was used to assess its effect on life style. Results: Out of 1035 students, 436 (42%) participants were below average users of Internet, followed by 369 (36%) average users and 230 (22%) excessive users of Internet. Average of total score of young Internet addiction questionnaire was 27.72. Various life style factors like feeling stressed while working, neglects other activities, miss a diet, checks Internet many times, obsessed with phone and Internet usage per day were found significantly associated with Internet addiction (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Excessive Internet usage during COVID-19 pandemic may lead to various abnormal behavior changes which cause negative effect on various aspects of students like emotional, hyperactivity, depression, sleeping disorder etc.

The role of the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis in insomnia and post-traumatic stress symptoms in the Lebanese population: A cross-sectional assessment

Based on an online cross-sectional survey, this study aimed to evaluate the role of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and economy-related factors in post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) and sleep in a sample of the general Lebanese population using the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. The online survey was conducted between May 10, and May 20, 2020, and 502 Lebanese adults who have access to the internet were enrolled. Results highlighted that positive correlates of PTSS were fear of COVID-19, female gender, and waterpipe smoking;negative correlates were higher family satisfaction, higher financial wellness, older age, having access to healthcare, and never having to work. When including insomnia as an independent variable to explain PTSS, the model did not substantially change. Positive correlates of insomnia included fear of poverty, fear of COVID-19, violence at home, the number of dependent children, having a job, and having a chronic disease. Conversely, higher family satisfaction and financial wellness were associated with lower likelihood of insomnia. When entering PTSS, insomnia remained positively associated with fear of poverty, PTSS, and violence at home. However, fear of COVID-19 was no longer associated with insomnia. We concluded that both the fear of COVID-19 and the economic crisis are correlated with PTSS and insomnia. © 2023 Author(s).

COVID-19 and Sleep Disturbances: A Literature Review of Clinical Evidence.

The need for adequate good quality sleep to optimally function is well known. Over years, various physical, psychological, biological, and social factors have been investigated to understand their impact on sleep. However, understanding the etiological processes that are involved in causing sleep disturbances (SD) as impacted by stressful phases such as pandemics has not been well studied. Many such etiological and management strategies have surfaced during the latest "coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The occurrence of these SD in the infected and uninfected individuals poses a need to investigate factors linked to such occurrence during this phase. Some of such factors include stressful practices such as social distancing, masking, vaccines, and medications availability, changes in routines, and lifestyles. As the status of infection improved, a collective term for all the prolonged effects of COVID-19 after the resolution of the primary infection called the post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) surfaced. Apart from impacting sleep during the infectious phase, the aftereffects of this virus left an even greater impact during the PCS. Various mechanisms have been hypothesized to be linked to such SD during the PCS, but the available data are inconclusive. Further, the varied patterns of incidence of these SDs differed by many factors, such as age, gender, and geographical location, making clinical management even more challenging. This review elucidates the impact of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID) disease on sleep health during the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also investigate different causal relationships, management strategies, and knowledge gaps related to SD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sedentary behavior is associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and physical activity mitigates its adverse effects.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the association of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate to vigorous leisure-time physical activity (MVPA) with sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study in adults, conducted from October to December 2020 in the Iron Quadrangle region, Brazil. The outcome was sleep quality, evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. SB was assessed by self-report of total sitting time, before and during the pandemic. Individuals with ≥ 9 h of total sitting time were classified as SB. In addition, the ratio of time spent in MVPA to time in SB was analyzed. A contrasted directed acyclic graph (DAG) model was constructed to adjust logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1629 individuals were evaluated, the prevalence of SB before the pandemic was 11.3% (95%CI: 8.6-14.8), and during the pandemic 15.2% (95%CI: 12.1-18.9). In multivariate analysis, the chance of poor sleep quality was 77% higher in subjects with SB ≥ 9 h per day (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.02-2.97). Furthermore, a one-hour increase in SB during the pandemic, increased the chance of poor sleep quality by 8% (OR: 1.08; 95%CI 1.01-1.15). In the analysis of the ratio of MVPA per SB in individuals with SB ≥ 9 h, practicing 1 min of MVPA per hour of SB reduces the chance of poor sleep quality by 19% (OR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.73-0.98). CONCLUSION: SB during the pandemic was a factor associated with poor sleep quality, and the practice of MVPA can reduce the effects of SB.

Influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research. METHODS: The databases of the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, SinoMed database, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP were systematically searched. The quality of studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality evaluation criteria and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: A total of 29 studies were included, of which 20 were cross-sectional studies, eight were cohort studies, and 1 was a case-control study; 17 influencing factors were finally identified. Greater risk of sleep disturbance was associated with female gender, single relationship status, chronic disease, insomnia history, less exercise, lack of social support, frontline work, days served in frontline work, department of service, night shift, years of work experience, anxiety, depression, stress, received psychological assistance, worried about being infected, and degree of fear with COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers did have worse sleep quality than the general population. The influencing factors of sleep disorders and sleep quality in healthcare workers are multifaceted. Identification and timely intervention of resolvable influencing factors are particularly important for preventing sleep disorders and improving sleep. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This is a meta-analysis of previously published studies so there was no patient or public contribution.

The relationship between sleep hygiene and the prevalence of insomnia in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Background. Students with poor sleep quality will undoubtedly disturb their daily activities, such as being absent from lec-tures due to illness and falling asleep during lectures. A further impact of poor sleep quality is decreased student academic achievement.Objectives. To analyse the relationship between sleep hygiene and the prevalence of insomnia in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Material and methods. The research design was analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The study population was medical students in clinical clerkships, which amounted to 152 people using consecutive sampling methods. The data was collected using a Sleep Hy-giene Index (SHI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaire, conducted online via Google Forms. Data processing was carried out using SPSS and the Chi-square statistical test.Results. Most students, as many as 101 people (66.4%), had moderate sleep hygiene, and most students were without insomnia (ap-prox. 61.8%). The results of the Chi-square test bivariate analysis showed a relationship between the degree of sleep hygiene and the prevalence of insomnia in the medical students of Universitas Sumatera Utara.Conclusions. Students are exposed to psychological impacts that can affect the quality of their sleep. Sleep hygiene and sleep cycles in students change due to changes in daily activities, such as physical activity, class schedules, assigned tasks and the use of electronic equipment.

Narcolepsy following COVID-19: A case report and review of potential mechanisms.

Key Clinical Message: The immune activation in COVID-19 may trigger narcolepsy in vulnerable patients. We suggest clinicians carefully evaluate patients with post-COVID fatigue and hypersomnia for primary sleep disorders, specifically narcolepsy. Abstract: The patient is a 33-year-old Iranian woman without a significant past medical history with the full range of narcolepsy symptoms that started within 2 weeks after her recovery from COVID-19. Sleep studies revealed increased sleep latency and three sleep-onset rapid eye movement events, compatible with a narcolepsy-cataplexy diagnosis.

An exploratory factor analysis of long COVID

An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) can provide a window into the latent dimensions of a disease, such as Long COVID. Discovering the latent factors of Long COVID enables researchers and clinicians to better conceptualize, study and treat this disease. In this study, participants were recruited from social media sites dedicated to COVID and Long COVID. Among the 480 participants, those who completed at least 90% of the survey, reported symptoms for two or more months since COVID-19 symptom onset, and had not been hospitalized for COVID were used in the EFA. The mean duration since initial symptom onset was 74.0 (37.3) weeks. A new questionnaire called The DePaul Symptom Questionnaire-COVID was used to assess self-reports of the frequency and severity of 38 Long COVID symptoms experienced over the most recent month. The most burdensome symptoms were "Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental activities (also known as Post-Exertional Malaise)," "Fatigue/extreme tiredness," "Difficulty thinking and/or concentrating," "Sleep problems," and "Muscle aches." The EFA resulted in a three-factor model with factors labeled General, PEM/Fatigue/Cognitive Dysfunction, and Psychological, consisting of 16, 6, and 3 items respectively (25 items in total). The reliability of the items in the EFA was .90 using a split-half reliability test. Finally, participant self-reported level of functional impairment was analyzed across the three EFA factors. Interpretations and applications to research and practice are provided.

Persistent olfactory dysfunction associated with poor sleep quality and anxiety in patients with long COVID.

Introduction: Poor sleep quality have been widely reported in patients with long COVID. Determining the characteristics, type, severity, and relationship of long COVID with other neurological symptoms is essential for the prognosis and management of poor sleep quality. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university in the eastern Amazon region of Brazil between November 2020 and October 2022. The study involved 288 patients with long COVID with self-report neurological symptoms. One hundred thirty-one patients were evaluated by using standardised protocols: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Beck Anxiety Inventory, Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCRC), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with long COVID with poor sleep quality and their relationship with other neurological symptoms (anxiety, cognitive impairment, and olfactory disorder). Results: Patients with poor sleep quality were mainly women (76.3%), 44.04 ± 12.73 years old, with >12 years of education (93.1%), and had monthly incomes of up to US $240.00 (54.2%). Anxiety and olfactory disorder were more common in patients with poor sleep quality. Discussion: Multivariate analysis shows that the prevalence of poor sleep quality was higher in patients with anxiety, and olfactory disorder is associated with poor sleep quality. In this cohort of patients with long COVID, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was highest in the group tested by PSQI and were associated with other neurological symptoms, such as anxiety and olfactory dysfunction. A previous study indicates a significant association between poor sleep quality and psychological disorders over time. Recent studies involving neuroimaging found functional and structural changes in Long COVID patients with persistent olfactory disfunction. Poor sleep quality are integral part of complex changes related to Long COVID and should be part of patient's clinical management.

Sleep Disorders and Associated Factors in Children Who Admitted to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinics During the Pandemic

Objective: This study determined whether children have sleep disorders during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restriction process, and if they do, to determine in which areas they have problems with sleep, as well as to examine the relationship of sleep disorder with chronotype and coronavirus anxiety.Materials and Methods: In April-November 2020, 98 patients attending Kocaeli University Child Psychiatry clinics and attending primary school 1-4th grade were recruited. "Sociodemographic Form", "Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire", and "Children's Chronotype Questionnaire" were applied to the parents. The short form of the "Coronavirus Anxiety Scale" and the information form about the pandemic process were applied to the children.Results: According to the sleep habits questionnaire, 70.4% of the group had clinically significant sleep problems. The most common sleep disorders observed in our study;are bedtime resistance, delayed falling asleep, and nighttime awakenings. A significant relationship was found between physical illness in the family (p=0.019), smoking (p=0.032), sleep pattern change during the pandemic (p=0.002), sleep change of the mother (p=0.006) and/or father (p=0.035), change in appetite (p=0.010), and sleep disorder. According to the chronotype scale, 66 children were morning and children's anxiety toward coronavirus was low.Conclusion: Our study shows that sleep disturbance in children is marked during the pandemic period, but this is due to changes in sleep patterns and parents' sleep rather than problems related to anxiety or chronotype associated with the pandemic. It will be useful to question these factors and make arrangements in this direction when evaluating the sleep-related problems of patients who apply to outpatient clinics.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety, Depression and Post-traumatic Stress among Frontline Nurses during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: COVID-19 is a public health emergency and has caused traumatic experiences among nurses worldwide. However, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in frontline nurses, and affecting factors such as demographics or working conditions have largely remained unknown. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and related risk factors. Methodology: A web-based survey was conducted in a cross-sectional design. A total of 244 nurses working with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were selected using convenience sampling. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Results: Of the participants, 48% had anxiety levels higher than the cut-off value, 68% had high depression levels, and 51.2% had high post-traumatic stress levels. The inadequate organizational support was determined as a predictor of anxiety and of depression. For each one point increase in working hours per week, there was a 1 % increase in depression. Two predictors of post-traumatic stress were the unit where nurses worked and having had colleagues diagnosed with COVID-19. Conclusions: This study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic nurses had high levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. It was concluded that the most striking predictors affecting nurses' mental health were number of weekly working hours and the level of received organizational support. The study contributes to the literature for planning psychosocial interventions that can be implemented to frontline nurses.

History of sleep. REM sleep and the beginning of sleep medicine: a tribute to Dr. William C. Dement

The emergence of sleep precedes humanity and has always influenced human culture. The modern science of sleep and circadian rhythm medicine is foundationally based to address age old problems such as insomnia and nightmares. The pace of sleep scientific knowledge greatly accelerated with development of all-night sleep recordings and the subsequent illumination of the spectrum of clinical sleep disorders. Much of this fundamental work was influenced by Dr. William C. Dement and several other pioneers described in this article. The history of sleep and circadian science shows us the inexorable, and perhaps destined, path to know the functions of sleep and promote greater sleep health for society. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Chronic sleep disturbance among adult Canadians: Associations and implications to the evaluation of noise impacts under Canada's Impact Assessment Act

The Canadian Perspectives on Environmental Noise Survey was completed online by 6647 randomly selected Canadians 18 years of age and older between April 12 and May 25, 2021. The survey objective was to explore attitudes, perceptions, and expectations toward environmental noise in rural and non-rural Canada. The questionnaire assessed self-reported high sleep disturbance (HSD) in the previous year, at home. The prevalence of HSD was 7.8% overall. A list of potential sources of sleep disturbance was provided to the full sample, where 6.1%, 5.2%, and 3.0% reported HSD by noisy neighbors, road traffic noise and indoor noise, respectively. Stress/anxiety or worrying about something was selected most frequently at 12.9%. Finally, 7.6% and 5.5% reported pain/illness and partner's sleep disturbance, respectively, as sources of HSD. Reported HSD was significantly higher among respondents below 55 years of age, females, lower income groups, unemployed respondents, those on paid leave (sick, maternity, disability), and living in an urban area. Expectations of quiet, perceiving nighttime noise to have increased over time, high noise sensitivity, hearing and being highly annoyed by road traffic noise was also associated with an increased prevalence of reporting HSD. In contrast to hearing impairment and heart disease (including high blood pressure);rated physical health, mental health, anxiety/depression, and reporting a sleep disorder, were associated with increased HSD. The perceived affects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health and annoyance toward environmental and indoor noise also influenced HSD. In the fully adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, the effect of age, gender, changes in nighttime noise, road traffic noise annoyance, noise sensitivity and sleep disorder remained statistically significant. The univariate and multivariate models showed a similar prevalence of HSD between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous Canadians. Results are discussed in relation to the provision of advice on sleep and health under Canada's Impact Assessment Act. © 2023

Night shift work and sleep deprivation in relation to vaccine induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in a general population cohort (COVICAT study)

IntroductionNight shift work and sleep deprivation have been associated with lower antibody responses induced by vaccination against seasonal influenza, meningitis-C and hepatitis A. We examined the association of exposure to night shift work and sleep deprivation with antibody levels induced by COVID-19 vaccines.Materials and MethodsThis study was nested in an ongoing population-based cohort in Catalonia, Spain. Blood samples were collected in 2021 from a random subsample of 1,090 participants. We measured 3 immunoglobulins (Ig)M, IgG, and IgA antibodies against 5 SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including RBD (receptor-binding domain), S (spike-protein), and S2 (subunit 2 from spike-protein). We collected data on night shift work (current night work, frequency, duration) and sleep metrics (sleep duration, sleep problems, changes in sleep duration since the beginning of the pandemic). We adjusted linear regression estimates (% change) for individual- and area-level covariates, time since vaccination, vaccine doses and type. Analyses were restricted to participants without previous COVID-19 infection (N=639). Infection status was defined using questionnaires, SARS-CoV-2 test registry and serology information (seropositivity to N-antigen).ResultsParticipants' mean age was 57.6 years, 57% were female, 73% received 2 vaccine doses (42% Pfizer, 44% AstraZeneca),5.8% were current night workers and 36.5% of the sample reported sleep problems. No overall association pattern was observed between current? night work and vaccine-induced antibody responses. IgG levels tended to be lower (differences in the range of 3.6–53.7%) among night workers, compared to day workers but differences were not statistically significant. Participants with short sleep (<=6 hours) had significantly lower IgM antibody levels compared to those that reported 7 hours of sleep. No clear pattern was observed with sleep quality.ConclusionsFurther research in larger studies is needed to evaluate the influence of night shift work and impaired sleep on vaccine induced immune responses and risk of breakthrough infections.

COVID-19, long-COVID and return-to-work a questionnaire to investigate the experience of the occupational physicians from an Italian region

IntroductionThe issues related to return-to-work (RTW) after COVID-19, and the impact of long-COVID on workers' health engaged in different occupations are far to be fully acknowledged. Occupational Physicians (OPs) represent an important and competent source for the evaluation of these issues in workplaces, scant considered in research up now.Material And MethodsA literature search was performed to develop a questionnaire targeting the Italian OPs. The survey collects data on COVID-19 related RTW issues and on long-COVID symptoms occurrence in workers of Emilia-Romagna region (Italy).ResultsThe questionnaire involves three sections. The first with general information on the OPs activity (industrial sector and types of companies followed, main occupational hazards, health surveillance programs carried out). The second section is about long-COVID, defined according to the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A list of 22 symptoms based on a systematic search in MedLine has been developed asthenia;air hunger;chest tightness;memory/concentration problems;mental confusion;joint/muscle pain;sleep disorders;heart palpitations;dizziness;tingling/dysesthesia;gastrointestinal problems;depression and/or anxiety;tinnitus;inappetence;low-grade fever;high-grade fever;cough;headache;sore-throat;changes in smell/taste;skin rashes;other symptoms (to be specified). The main characteristics of the workers with long-COVID (age, gender, concomitant diseases, vaccination, smoking habit, body weight and previous infections etc.) and the frequency of the long-COVID symptoms are collected. The last section investigates RTW issues, to quantify the impact of the phenomenon in terms of workers involved, main characteristics of subjects with RTW problems, and implications for their work-ability.ConclusionsUsing the OPs direct experience as source of information, the study is aimed to develop new knowledge on the long-term impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on workers' health, specifically considering RTW issues and the occurrence of long-COVID symptoms.

Was telework during COVID-19 pandemic, suitable for everyone?

IntroductionThe use of telework was strongly recommended by the World Health Organisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may have, in addition to advantages, psycho-social repercussions on workers. The aim of this study was to describe the psychosocial impact of telework during the era of quarantine related to the first pandemic wave of COVID-19.Materials and MethodsDescriptive cross-sectional study including Tunisian workers who teleremoted during the first health lockdown of 2020. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire specifying the occupational and psychosocial characteristics of telework.ResultsA total of 612 teleworkers were included. The mean age was 33±6.9 years. Sex ratio (M/F) was 0.32. Teleworking had been practiced before the health confinement by 55.6% of the cases and 86.3% had never received teleworking training. Psychosocial repercussions were noticed among 92.2%. An increase in working time was reported by 47.1%, significantly more reported by those in managerial positions (44.7%). During breaks, 48% were spending time watching TV or on social networks, which is an activity significantly correlated with sadness, chronic anxiety and sleep disorders. For benefits perceived, 85% appreciated the absence of constraints related to workplace path and 61.8% the autonomy. Telework was suitable for work according to 90.8%. Desire to continue teleworkins was expressed in 89.9%.ConclusionsThe teleworking was appreciated but it had psychosocial negative repercussions. A new working mode is spreading and showing possibility to work in a different manner with similar or better results. The occupational physician will manage emergent health risk factors.

Status and influencing factors of anxiety and insomnia among nurses in 2020 in Quanzhou city

Objective: To understand the anxiety and insomnia of nurses in 2020 and its influencing factors, so as to provide orientation for formulating relevant policies. Methods: A total of 738 nurses in a designated hospital for treatment of COVID-19 patients in Quanzhou were investigated by convenient sampling. The basic demographic information, cognition of COVID-19, anxiety and insomnia of these subjects were surveyed with self-made questionnaire, self rating anxiety scale (SAS) and insomnia severity index(ISI). The influencing factors of anxiety and insomnia were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results: The incidence of anxiety and insomnia were 8.5% and 35.8%, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that regular physical exercise was the influencing factor to reduce nurses' anxiety(beta =-4.226, P = 0.002) and insomnia (beta = - 1.706, P = 0.003). Nurses who had a personal history of disease (beta = 3.320, P = 0.023), considered resignation due to the COVID -19 (beta = 5.012, P = 0.031), thought that they might infect their family members and/or friends with COVID-19 virus (beta = 4.631, P < 0.001) and were treated differently by others (beta = 3.829, P = 0.003) had more anxiety;nursing staff who had a personal history of disease (beta = 1.277, P = 0.036), considered resignation due to the COVID-19 (beta =1.946, P = 0.045), worried about infecting other people with novel coronavirus (beta = 1.063, P = 0.006), thought that they might infect their family and friends with COVID-19 virus (beta =1.156, P = 0.003) and were treated differently by others (beta =1.507, P = 0.004) also had more serious insomnia. There was a positive correlation between anxiety and insomnia[beta and its 95% CI value was 0.280(0.258, 0.302, P < 0.001)]. Conclusions: In 2020 nurses in Quanzhou had anxiety and insomnia, which were affected by many factors. Employers should pay attention to the mental health of high-risk personnel and carry out psychological intervention when necessary.

Patterns of sleep disorders after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19

Background. Sleep disorders have a negative impact on many aspects of life. COVID-19 exacerbates this problem in the context of the post-COVID syndrome where sleep disorder is one of the common complaints. Objective. We aimed to assess the frequency of sleep disorders after COVID-19 and the presence of associations between post-COVID sleep disorders and the severity of COVID-19. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Novosibirsk. It included 115 people aged 26 to 74 years (an average age of 54.22 ± 12.48 years) after recovery from COVID-19, which occurred two to eleven months before. Patients underwent questionnaire survey (Spiegel sleep score questionnaire, HADS Anxiety and Depression Scale, International Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Severity Scale), examination by a somnologist, and screening night computer pulse oximetry. If an index of desaturations was more than five per hour, we performed overnight somnography by WAtch PAT 200 or polysomnography. Patients were divided into groups depending on the presence of sleep disorders, COVID-19 severity, and their age. Statistical analysis included a descriptive analysis. Odds ratio was assessed by determining the risk measure for dichotomous variables in the contingency table. Results. RLS was the most common post-COVID sleep disorder (n = 63, 75%). However, primary insomnia was diagnosed only in patients with moderate-to-severe course of COVID-19 (n = 3, 9%). There were 40 patients with post-COVID sleep disorder;they had significantly lower sleep time on workdays (7.00 [6.00;7.50] vs. 7.50 [6.50;8.00] hours, p = 0.021) and significantly higher mean HADS depression score (5.00 [3.00;7.00] vs. 3.00 [1.00;6.00] points, p = 0.006) compared with the corresponding parameters in patients without deterioration of sleep quality. The chance of reduced sleep quality was 11.6 times higher after moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection than that after mild infection only in patients aged 26-59 years (95% confidence interval 1.42-94.32, p = 0.007). Conclusion. The chance of worsening sleep quality was significantly higher after a moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection than after mild infection in 26-59-year-old old patients. At the same time, RLS was the most common post-COVID sleep disorder according to our study. Given the importance of sleep disorders, working-age patients after moderate-to-severe COVID-19 infection require active monitoring by doctors in order to timely correct emerging complaints. © 2022 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

Comparison of Sleep Disturbances Among Women with and without a History of COVID-19 Infection

Objective: This study was conducted to compare sleep disturbances between women with and without a history of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index" was used to evaluate sleep problems. The research sample was calculated as 120: 1. group 60 (with a history of COVID-19) and 2. group 60 (without a history of COVID-19) using the G*Power 3.1 method. A total of 141 women were interviewed in case of data loss. Due to the ongoing pandemic, the forms were filled in via google form in the social media environment. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences for the Windows 22.0 program. Results: The mean age of the women involved in the study was 22.241±6.593 (min: 18, max: 58). Women with a history of COVID-19 experience occasional sleep problems several times a week and have difficulty falling asleep. Statistically significant differences were found between the sleep quality of women with and without a history of COVID-19. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction, and total sleep quality scores were found to be higher in women with a history of COVID-19. Conclusion: Sleep quality is lower in women with a history of COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, sleep quality should be evaluated, and sleep problems should be identified and treated within a short period. It is recommended to develop methods of coping with anxiety and stress experienced, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and to raise awareness on this issue among people with a COVID-19 history. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) geçiren ve geçirmeyen kadınlar arasındaki uyku bozukluklarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan bu çalışmada uyku problemlerinin değerlendirilmesi için "Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi Índeksi" kullanılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemi G*Power 3.1 yöntemiyle birinci grup 60 (COVID-19 geçiren), ikinci grup 60 (COVID-19 geçirmeyen) olmak üzere 120 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kayıplar göz önüne alınarak toplamda 141 kadın ile görüşülmüştür. Pandeminin devam etmesi sebebi ile formlar sosyal medya ortamında Google form ile doldurulmuştur. Araştırma verileri Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows 22.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan kadınların yaş ortalaması 22,241±6,593 (min: 18, maks: 58) idi. COVID-19 geçiren grup arasında uyku problemlerini haftada birkaç kez sıklıkla ve ara sıra görüldüğü, kadınların uykuya dalmada zorluk yaşadıkları tespit edildi. COVID-19 geçiren ve geçirmeyen kadınlar arasında uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklar tespit edildi. COVID-19 geçiren kadınlar arasında öznel uyku kalitesi, uyku latansı, alışılmış uyku etkinliği, uyku ilacı kullanımı, gündüz uyku işlev bozukluğu ve toplam uyku kalitesi puanlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: COVID-19 geçiren kadınlar arasında uyku kalitesi daha düşüktür. COVID-19 sürecinde uyku kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi ve uyku problemlerinin kısa sürede belirlenerek tedavi edilmesi önemlidir. Özellikle COVID-19 sürecinde yaşanılan kaygı ve stresle baş etme yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ve tanı alan kişilerin bu konuda da farkındalıklarının sağlanması önerilmektedir.